Opponents of libertarianism often point out that there are cases where government mandates can be welfare improving. I accept that argument, but not the implications that people draw from that fact.
The real question is not whether government power can make things better; it is whether government power will make things better, on average. I believe the answer is no.
I recently saw an article on mask regulations that made me almost burst out laughing:
After previously prohibiting local jurisdictions from imposing mask mandates, Mr. Abbott, a Republican, issued an executive order Thursday requiring residents to wear masks in public spaces, except in counties with 20 or fewer cases of coronavirus. Cases of Covid-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus, have been rising for weeks in the state.
Notice the governor’s supreme confidence in his wisdom. A week ago he was so confident that mask mandates were a bad idea that he banned local governments—which presumably know their situation better than someone in faraway Austin—from mandating the wearing of masks. He didn’t recommend against local mask mandates, he banned them. Today this same individual is so confident that mandates are a good idea that he is requiring many local governments to ban masks. He’s not recommending they do so, he’s requiring mask bans.
This is not about whether mask wearing is a good idea (I favor mask wearing and private sector mandates but oppose government mandates), this is about whether we can trust government officials to recognize that they don’t have all the answers, and that sometimes they should allow others to decide for themselves. As soon as one gives power to government officials they will abuse that power, they will assume they know what’s best for us.
Pierre Lemieux has a new post that provides another such example. He cites a WSJ article on masks:
U.S. Surgeon General Jerome M. Adams tweeted on Feb. 29: “Seriously people—STOP BUYING MASKS!” He has since apologized and now supports wearing them.
White House adviser Dr. Anthony Fauci said this month that he initially dismissed masks because medical workers were facing a shortage in supplies. He, too, is now an advocate.
I can’t overstate the damage done by these lies. It would be one thing if the authorities had said, “masks are effective, but we have a shortage so don’t wear them.” Even that would be slightly misleading, as the shortage was created by the government. Instead they lied and said masks are not effective, as a way to discourage their use. These government officials assumed that the public could not be trusted with true information.
In the future, public health officials might recommend that children be vaccinated for the measles, and people will recall when they were lied to about the efficacy of masks.
Over time, government mandates become a self-fulfilling prophecy. The government has so many mandates that the public begins to assume that if something is not banned it must be safe. They might assume that if masks are not required then they must be unneeded. It then becomes more difficult to get voluntary compliance.
We’ve seen this in banking, where people stopped paying attention to the safety and soundness of banks after FDIC was instituted. Before deposit insurance was mandated, people were very reluctant to deposit money in banks that were making lots of risky loans. Now they don’t care. If the public is treated like little children, they begin to behave like children. Government power advocates then say, “see, the public is infantile and they must be told what to do.”
READER COMMENTS
Philo
Jul 3 2020 at 3:24pm
Preach it, brother! (I’m already converted.)
john hare
Jul 3 2020 at 3:54pm
I coined a phrase on another blog, though it might already be in use without me noticing. In response to someone lamenting poor leadership, I responded that it was not Leadership, but rather Controllership.
JK Brown
Jul 3 2020 at 5:59pm
They lied about masks when most would have accepted an intelligent explanation of viral load exposure and how healthcare workers needed the masks since they could be exposed to massive loads in their work.
Of course, that would have worked better if they hadn’t been out screaming about all surfaces on earth covered in virus. Dr. Birx never saw a moment not to panic. Yet, they did no randomized testing of non-healthcare locations to give some quantification on surface contamination.
And while declaring masks dangerous for the public, they ignored the now recommended “cloth face coverings”, which by the way offer no protection to the wearer, aside from catching the random spittle headed for their mouth. They also ignored “spittle-maker” control. If you need to be near someone, don’t speak, look away and down. Hard to spittle in someone’s mouth if you do that. Don’t look people in the face when speaking to them.
And don’t yell, project your voice, sing, cough, sneeze, and other spittle making activities near other people, in enclosed spaces, and use a face covering.
Simple, but more than the experts could grasp.
And really, don’t look people in the eye when speaking to them. Point your spittle-maker in a safe direction and that follows your eye line.
Ghatanathoah
Jul 7 2020 at 5:12am
JK Brown
It is much, much easier to wear a cloth mask than to remember all that behavioral advice. If you forget to not point your mouth at someone a mask will catch the spittle. Everyone can be forgetful some of the time, so cloth masks are very helpful.
Thomas Hutcheson
Jul 3 2020 at 6:23pm
Adams and Fauci were not telling lies, they were giving misleading advice. Any sensible person reading those words can see they were talking about the kind of masks that health workers need to protect themselves. That was good advice then and now. Their error — huge and inexcusable — was not to clarify that wearing simple cloth masks is somewhat effective in preventing passing an infection on to other people and to recommend it strongly.
Mark Z
Jul 4 2020 at 4:23pm
Cloth masks are a mediocre substitute for surgical or other medical masks. We want people ideally wearing the latter. Advising people not to wear the latter because they didn’t work was dishonest and harmful, even if there was a shortage at the time, because eventually the shortage would end, and you have to tell people “ok, now surgical masks work, wear them.” They should have just given people the actual reason for not buying masks, so that once the shortage was over they could advise masks for the general public without contradicting themselves.
BC
Jul 3 2020 at 6:29pm
What really killed public health officials’ credibility was when 1000+ of them signed an open letter saying that distancing recommendations should depend on whether protesters were protesting against police brutality and racism or against lockdown measures, as if viral spread could depend on the content of one’s speech! That was on the heels of the mask flip-flop/misinformation. In the past, public health officials have even tried to claim that gun control falls within their purview! I didn’t realize that guns were contagious.
The Fed seems to be one of the few remaining institutions of experts/elites that still retains some credibility among the public. Fed chairpersons also seem to be very conscious of “staying in their lane”. Whenever Powell is asked a question about something other than monetary policy — Trump, inequality, various tax and spending proposals, etc. — he usually is careful to distinguish between the Fed’s domain of monetary policy and Congress’s domain of legislating.
Tiago
Jul 3 2020 at 7:26pm
Maybe you meant governments are not making things better at the margin? I find the idea that people would be better without some system of enforced cooperation goes against game theory and our available evidence, don’t you agree?
P Burgos
Jul 3 2020 at 8:30pm
To what extent are contracts enforceable in developing countries? My impression is that in most of the world, it is difficult to sue for damages for breach of contract, or really to bring any kind of civil lawsuit for tortious behavior. If that’s the case, it would seem to me that on average, governments aren’t powerful enough. Though perhaps there is a better way to talk about a government’s ability to run an effective judicial system versus its ability to impose some kind of a mandate. Do those involve the same kinds of power and capabilities?
MarkW
Jul 3 2020 at 9:44pm
As we have seen, it has proven relatively easy for clothing manufacturers to produce masks and for people to sew their own. There never was a shortage of the non N95 masks that people now wear in public, and so NO justification whatsoever for the lying by public health officials.
Jens
Jul 4 2020 at 7:21am
true
Pajser
Jul 3 2020 at 10:37pm
“The real question is not whether government power can make things better; it is whether government power will make things better, on average. I believe the answer is no.”
If government power CAN make things better, it seems to me that the real question is how to organize government to actually make things better.
Robc
Jul 4 2020 at 11:18am
First, elimate all humans.
Pierre Lemieux
Jul 4 2020 at 12:22am
Another example, related to your concerns, also comes from the politicized Surgeon General, Jerome Adams. He was in New Orleans on March 13 while Trump was declaring a national emergency. What was he doing there? In Reason Magazine, Guy Bentley reported:
The Surgeon General hinted there was evidence 0n vaping constituting an additional risk factor for Covid-19. It’s worth reading all Bentley’s piece.
Rajat
Jul 4 2020 at 5:34am
“If the public is treated like little children, they begin to behave like children.”
This is so true in so many contexts. The policy prescriptions that stem from much of the ‘nudge’ movement are all about responding to perceived irrationality and serve to reduce the incentives to behave rationally.
Jens
Jul 4 2020 at 7:21am
Rarely do i disagree with Scott Sumner, but here I do; at least in tone.
It is difficult to see through the communicative ramifications of American domestic politics from the outside at the moment. But in Europe many governments have communicated the difficult considerations and uncertainty surrounding the pandemic fairly well. And that can actually mean that you blow hot today and cold tomorrow. Actually, this is not too surprising, because the effects of inaction will be felt before the next election. For many bad things that governments do, that’s not the case. If, of course, you assume that you will find a scapegoat for everything and every cause, then you can hope that this will work again. But sometimes it just doesn’t work.
Masks in health care and masks in private life are two pairs of boots and two very different use cases that have different requirements. But it’s not just about technical issues. In the one case, politicians and governors have to meet demands, in the other they have to convince and generate voluntariness. Hard rules that nobody really likes or understands don’t work well.
We have a podcast here in Germany with a popular virologist who repeatedly pointed out at the beginning of the wave that there is still no clear evidence of the effectiveness of masks. However, a few days later, in the podcast, he began to report that he was wearing a mask in private long before there were any regulations, how he felt with it in public and how other people react to him. Sometimes it also depends on how you deal with uncertainty and how to communicate it. This virologist was also often accused of lying and being fickle.
Good government work is a great opportunity in the pandemic, and bad government work doesn’t make it much worse than no government. Only government ( yes, it must be good government, but government nonetheless ) is a solution to this problem. Perhaps that alone is a problem for some people.
Scott Sumner
Jul 4 2020 at 1:17pm
I agree that good government can help, and indeed did help in Germany. In America, however, government actually made the problem worse.
If the government would step back, the private sector would develop much more robust methods of protection. Where there are externalities, governments can occasionally play a useful role.
Alan Goldhammer
Jul 4 2020 at 8:03am
I totally disagree with this post. The past comments on masks by officials is totally irrelevant based on what we know today and it is a waste of time and Internet electrons to discuss it. the same arguments that Scott outlines could just as easily be picked up by the anti-vaxxer movement in arguing against compulsory vaccination to control infectious diseases (it’s a requirement at most state and local levels that I am aware of for school admission). Is this ‘totalitarianism?’
If you have 60% of the people in an area who refuse to wear masks on libertarian grounds, infections will rise. There is a good cautionary tale of Joplin MO worth reading.
Thomas Hutcheson
Jul 4 2020 at 8:42am
I agree, particularly since only a very tendentious reading of the remarks of Adams and Fauci yield a recommendation not to wear simple cloth masks for the purpose of protecting other people, not the wearer. And while the failure to clearly recommend mask wearing to protect others is rightly condemnable, I don’t believe that is the source of the fierce opposition to wearing masks.
Scott Sumner
Jul 4 2020 at 1:19pm
I never said it was the source of fierce opposition to mask wearing. I think you missed the point. This frequent lying, this treating the public like children, will have a corrosive effect on our culture. It is already having that effect.
Alan Goldhammer
Jul 4 2020 at 1:37pm
Frequent lying hasn’t changed President Trump’s base support much judging by opinion polls and the number of mistruths spoken.
Scott Sumner
Jul 5 2020 at 1:18pm
That’s precisely the problem.
Mark Z
Jul 7 2020 at 5:01am
“The past comments on masks by officials is totally irrelevant based on what we know today and it is a waste of time and Internet electrons to discuss it.”
No, it is very relevant, because the accuracy of past recommendations affects the credibility of the institution doing the recommending today. It’s even more relevant when the original error wasn’t due merely to a lack of knowledge but an attempt at a Straussian ‘noble lie.’ If health authorities waffled over whether vaccines were bad or good, there’d be more people opposed to vaccinations, and said authorities would be to blame.
“refusing to wear masks on libertarian grounds…”
What does that even mean?
TMC
Jul 4 2020 at 11:56am
I don’t see the ban on the mandates as ‘supreme confidence in his wisdom’ but a sign that neither he nor the local governments should be making that decision. A ban on masks, which never happened, would be a ‘supreme confidence in his wisdom’. I agree shifting positions from the libertarian ban on bans to the mandate was a bad idea.
JdL
Jul 6 2020 at 8:42am
I’m curious why you favor the use of masks, when (as far as I can tell) the spread of the virus will not be stopped until herd immunity is achieved. Isn’t delaying this immunity only prolonging our agony? It’s certainly stretching out the time that vulnerable people will feel they must remain isolated.
Matthias Görgens
Jul 13 2020 at 1:04am
Scott, this compete reversal without a middle ground reminds me of the one child policy in China.
Or to a lesser extent, the two-child policy in Singapore’s 1980s that transformed without much of a transition into efforts to raise the fertility rate.
If policy was strictly based on evidence, you would expect at least some transition period with neither bans nor mandates.
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