
Duke University economics professor Michael Munger has an excellent article today at AIER titled “The Future of Academic Publishing.” There’s so much in it that it’s hard to summarize. He basically goes through the history of publishing, identifying the binding scarcity at each point and the implications of that scarcity, and then considers how the web really has changed things a lot.
On that basis he makes some predictions about what academia will look like in 20 years, and points out that even if he’s wrong, he’s right about his analysis of the current situation.
I would add one thing that makes the situation slightly less dire than Munger claims. And I emphasize “slightly.” We faculty who get to vote on tenure (in my case, since I’m retired, got to vote on tenure) do have one ability that is relevant for judging: we can read and think. I say it’s slight because in sitting through 24 years of tenure deliberations, I got the distinct impression that few of my colleagues read the work of those they were voting on and, instead, went with the outside letters and, more typically, the tenure committee’s recommendation. I did that for the first three or four years, but sometime in the mid-1990s, after voting on someone whose work I didn’t know and then learning later that it was weaker than I had thought, I committed to reading at least two published articles of each person I voted on. I think I kept that commitment in well over 90% of the cases from then on. And without that judgment, the process is often corrupt, with people voting for people they like rather than for people who do good work.
Munger’s article has also reminded of two things I’ve been thinking about over the last few years.
First, I notice how often young academics who have friended me on Facebook post excitedly when they get a “hit,” that is, an acceptance in an academic journal, but how rarely they say much about what’s in the article.
Second, I’m so glad that I committed to getting enough academic articles published to get tenure and then to be promoted to full professor, but not too many. That freed up time to write articles in places like the Wall Street Journal (53 so far, counting book reviews) and to follow large parts of the economics literature. Related to that, I remember the chairman of my department who told me in 1992 that I got tenure, having told me sometime before that or since (I’ve forgotten which), that he didn’t see the sense in putting zero weight on articles in the Wall Street Journal. He said that he, an economist, had had one in the Journal of Political Economy in the late 1970s and it didn’t seem to be clearly better than some of my WSJ pieces.
READER COMMENTS
Jon Murphy
Mar 2 2020 at 8:15pm
That’s a good point. I have one and a half hits (an acceptance at the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization and a revise and resubmit at the Southern Economic Journal), but the SJE one is the only one I actively talk about. It’s not that I am ashamed of the JEBO piece (I actually think it’s the better piece of scholarship), but it’s on an esoteric topic and will probably only be read by 4 people, 2 of whom are my parents.
Maybe we don’t talk much about it on Facebook because we think the topic is niche?
I do much rather prefer to talk about my EconLib, AdamSmithWorks, and Libertarianism.org pieces. I think popular writing is important as a way to shape ideas. Focusing entirely on journals seems to me to be akin to the warning Christ gives in the Sermon on the Mount to not hide your light under a bushel, but to place it where everyone can see (Matthew 5:15). Academic journals, because they are gated and insanely expensive to subscribe, act as hiding our lights under a bushel. But op-ed pieces in popular, open-access media help spread ideas. Let the journals be the conversation between the academics and let the newspapers, blogs, and op-eds be the conversation between the public.
Daniel Klein
Mar 3 2020 at 12:02pm
Jon’s JEBO piece, coauthored with Andrew Humphries, is a very important contribution to Smith scholarship. It will have readers in the year 2050. It explains that in one of the most important passages in TMS Adam Smith very likely intentionally replaced Antimachus with Parmenides in an important story told by Cicero. Jon and Andrew explain why we know that and why it is important.
Jon Murphy
Mar 3 2020 at 4:49pm
I really hope you’re right, Prof Klein 🙂
Phil H
Mar 2 2020 at 9:03pm
I don’t know Munger’s writing, so I can’t tell if he’s joking here, but this line is a bit shocking, isn’t it?
“The curation process will be handled by reviews, and citations from other work. It works for Amazon, and Rotten Tomatoes!”
No, it doesn’t work for Amazon or Rotten Tomatoes. I remember the first movie that got a 100% rating on RT – it was a Paddington Bear movie. It’s a very odd thing to be so keen to throw out the system that utterly transformed our knowledge of the world in the 20th century.
Munger’s argument is also a classic case of “half an argument”: He notes that system X has flaws, then says, therefore we should use system Y. But there is no critical examination of system Y. System Y will be gamable; it will produce an excess of papers that no-one can keep up with, leading to the re-emergence of new curation functions that look comically like old journals; it will create an enormous confusion in academic careers as universities change their tenure/promotion criteria in non-uniform ways… This confusion won’t be better, it will simply be an excuse for more corruption. And at the end of the process, if and when new, relatively uniform systems emerge, it’s hard to see how they’ll be better.
I’ve read these diatribes against academic publishing in a number of different disciplines, and personally I think they all show very poor thinking among academics. They should be understood as “grumbling about how hard it is to compete in a tough field”, not as serious attempts to think through how the system could be improved.
Mark Swanstrom
Mar 2 2020 at 10:52pm
Rotten Tomatoes is gamable, but I’m not sure the current system is any better. I would wager that relatively few top articles are truly “blind” reviewed after being work shopped, presented at conferences, and on SSRN.  The best journal articles are those that can be easily summarized in blogs and general interest articles. I would prefer having an article mentioned by David or elsewhere than having it cited in other research.
Jon Murphy
Mar 3 2020 at 1:25pm
The point that Munger is making is not that the aggregate of all the reviews will be perfect. Rather, the comments from the reviewers will be public and debatable.
Mark Z
Mar 4 2020 at 1:31am
I think the “sour grapes” explanation for criticism of academic publishing is excessively dismissive. I think it’s practically a consensus among even esteemed researchers that things like hype and author fame plays a huge a role in who gets papers in Nature or Science or what have you. There have been enough high profile papers debunking findings in suspect papers in major journals to explain the problem away as mostly just sour grapes. Hell, there are some entire disciplines (STEM fields, moreover) that are moving away from the old academic journal-centric model toward publishing results (and mainly reading) preprint sites like Arxiv.
And I think Munger is proposing how things can be improved. You just disagree with him that they’d be improvements. Personally, I think there’s a strong case to be made that the peer review system is largely outdated (and not just because I’ll never have a paper in Science). Relying on open, public criticism and discussion of research instead of on three randomly selected, anonymous, behind-closed-door, unpublished reviews that dictate whether it ever sees the light of day? It’s an idea that has some advantages. Sure, there’s the issue that ‘any idiot with a blog’ can comment and distort available information, but I think communities of researchers are fairly effective at narrowing down who to pay attention. I think they would pay close attention to commentary/reviews from people like Andrew Gelman or David Spiegelhalter – as they already do – and ignore the Alex Joneses.
And I assure you, there are scientists who are (and are largely regarded by their peers as) “Paddington Bears” who keep getting papers in high end journals and getting ‘signal boosted’ by popular science media despite dubious quality (but ‘sexy’) research.
Jon Murphy
Mar 2 2020 at 9:37pm
It’s worth noting that one of Munger’s predictions is already coming true:
LSU and other universities are canceling their subscriptions to academic journals.
Alan Goldhammer
Mar 3 2020 at 8:21am
Is citation analysis important in the economics field? It was my experience that in the physical and life sciences that this was one metric that was used in tenure decisions. However, it had to be carefully looked at as some methods papers were always cited in experimental sections of papers resulting in astronomical numbers of citations.
I agree with Phil H’s point above regarding on-line reviews. I take them with a grain of salt.
I’m curious about David’s second point regarding writing for popular media outlets,, e.g., The Wall Street Journal. While an interesting avocation, was there a tinge of regret about not doing fundamental economics research? I know when I made the decision to move from medical research into pharma regulatory affairs, I experienced this (and sometimes even at my ‘advanced’ age still think of what I missed out on).
David Henderson
Mar 3 2020 at 10:36am
You ask:
Yes, Alan, and you’re right to point that out. Munger should have pointed it out and so should I. We always looked at the citation indexes.
You ask:
I had regret about not doing it in my late 20s and early 30s. But then to get tenure, I had to get back into it in my late 30s and early 40s. Then after tenure, I did very little of it from my early 40s to my early 50s. Then, when it became clear that the only way I would get full professor was with such research, I had matured enough as a thinker that I found “niche” academic research issues that interested me and I published at least one academic article a year from my early 50s to my mid-to-late 60s. I liked it. Had I not done so, I think I would have felt that “tinge of regret” you refer to. I liked it; I didn’t love it. What I loved was the WSJ kinds of things.
Michael Munger
Mar 3 2020 at 6:41pm
Yup. Quite so. Citation indexes aren’t perfect, but a solid metric.
I did obliquely refer to this when I noted that Gordon Brady had compared the citations received by Tullock’s work to the citations received by the papers published instead. But fair to say citations should be considered as an alternative to “top journals” as an exclusive measure of quality.
Mea culpa!
David Seltzer
Mar 3 2020 at 5:16pm
DH wrote, “Then after tenure, I did very little of it from my early 40s to my early 50s. Then, when it became clear that the only way I would get full professor was with such research, I had matured enough as a thinker that I found “niche” academic research issues that interested me and I published at least one academic article a year from my early 50s to my mid-to-late 60s. I liked it.” Friedman was opposed to both occupational and medical licensure.
David, while tenure is not a license per say, what do you think Milton would say about it?
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