EconLog Archive
Tariffs
A Brief History of Strategic Tariffs in the U.S.
A May 29 article in the IMF’s F&D Magazine argues in favor of using U.S. tariffs as a policy tool. It begins by questioning the argument for free trade, claiming that economists have based U.S. and global trade policy on theoretical models rather than empirical evidence: “Tariffs were not tried and found wanting but rejected .. MORE
Political Economy
The Cost of the American Revolution
The core of this argument is that the American Founding set the United States on a unique path that made it one of the richest and freest places in the world. Yet, this causal connection requires a leap of faith. Few have attempted to conjure a counterfactual in which America remained a British colony or .. MORE
Adam Smith
A Mutual Sympathy of Sentiments
In The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith explains that we want to establish a “mutual sympathy of sentiments.” We want people to agree with our views, and we want to agree with their views. Smith first expanded on this idea—that we are constantly searching for ways to cooperate with one another—in The Theory of .. MORE
Liberty
Freddy the World Cup Tourist and Tocqueville’s Hopes for America
In the 1830s, a French aristocrat named Alexis de Tocqueville traveled through the United States and returned home with Democracy in America, a penetrating analysis of a society marked by energetic voluntary associations and a restless spirit of enterprise. Tocqueville admired much of what he saw, but his verdict was not uncomplicated. Near the end .. MORE
Adam Smith
1776 and All That: Thomas Jefferson on Adam Smith
A small industry within the history of economic thought continues to churn through the historical record in search of direct links between European ideas in political economy and the American Revolution and Founding. The attraction is understandable. Of particular interest is the alluring prospect of Adam Smith’s influence on the Founders. Put simply, if it was .. MORE
Political Economy
1776 in the US and Latin America
We are approaching the 250th anniversary of the United States’ Declaration of Independence on July 4th, 1776. However, that same year carries a different meaning in Latin America. Rather than the beginning of a system based on limits to power and individual freedom in the United States, 1776 represented a major turning point in the .. MORE
Sam's Links
Sam’s Links: June Edition
Sam Enright works on innovation policy at Progress Ireland, an independent policy think tank in Dublin, and runs a publication called The Fitzwilliam. Most relevant to us, on his personal blog, he writes a popular link roundup; what follows is an abridged version of his Links for May. Blogs and short links 1. Yudhister Kumar .. MORE
Politics and Economics
Bureaucratic Information Gathering
We rely on experts for a lot of our information. By “expert,” I mean someone who is paid for their opinion. Roger Koppl uses this definition in his 2018 book Expert Failure, and I use the same definition in my research, which is based on his book. This definition is useful because it allows us .. MORE
Price Theory
Cutsinger’s Solution: Veggies and Noodles
Question: Consider the markets for fresh vegetables and instant noodles. Assume that fresh vegetables are a normal good, while instant noodles are an inferior good. Suppose Congress bans a commonly used fertilizer and pest-control chemical in vegetable farming. Without this input, vegetable yields fall due to increased spoilage and pest damage. (a) Using a supply .. MORE
Obituaries
Remembering Gordon Wood, 1933–2026
I first met Gordon Wood in the late 1980s, when I was a graduate student attending a roundtable organized by the Institute for Humane Studies, an organization devoted to exploring ideas of freedom and the open society, now based at George Mason University. For a young academic, it was an important occasion, bringing together several .. MORE
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Dominance and the Politicization of Money
Fiscal Dominance and the Politicization of Money Much of the contemporary debate about monetary policy focuses on technical questions: whether reserves should be scarce or abundant, whether fintech companies should have master accounts at the Federal Reserve, whether those accounts should resemble the accounts held by banks, or how far the Fed’s independence should extend. .. MORE
Monetary Policy
Churchill, Keynes, and the General Strike at 100
When Winston Churchill was named Chancellor in November 1924, he is said to have assumed it was the largely ceremonial post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and was as surprised as anyone, given his lack of interest in economics, to find that it was Chancellor of the Exchequer, constitutionally the second most powerful .. MORE
Economic Theory
Market Failure and the Market Process
Market failure, which I am defining here as a market not reaching the equilibrium condition where quantity supplied equals quantity demanded, is ubiquitous. Every time we walk into stores, we see market failure happening: shelves and shelves of goods sit, waiting for buyers. This is excess supply (surplus), a market failure. If the market were .. MORE
Spontaneous Order and Social Coordination
Social Constructs and Spontaneous Order
“Social construction” is prominent: we are told in various places that this or that is a “social construct”: think of gender, race, or money. One book that played a central role in the emergence of that concept is Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s 1966 The Social Construction of Reality. That work can proudly claim more .. MORE
Entrepreneurship
Commerce and Warehouse Clubs
Adam Smith articulated the rhetoric of the Bourgeois Deal by highlighting fundamental differences among commercial, political, and martial societies. Everyone, he argued, is always practicing oratory on others and trying to persuade them to cooperate: “give me that which I want, and you shall have this which you want.” Luke Froeb and his coauthors in .. MORE
Price Theory
EconLog Price Theory: Veggies or Noodles?
This is the latest in our series of posts in our series on price theory problems with Professor Bryan Cutsinger. You can see all of Cutsinger’s problems and solutions by subscribing to his EconLog RSS feed. Share your proposed solutions in the comments. Professor Cutsinger will be present in the comments for the next couple .. MORE
Sam's Links
Sam’s Links: May Edition
Sam Enright works on innovation policy at Progress Ireland, an independent policy think tank in Dublin, and runs a publication called The Fitzwilliam. Most relevant to us, on his personal blog, he writes a popular link roundup; what follows is an abridged version of his and Links for April. Blogs and short links 1. Rest .. MORE
Property Rights
The Bank Doesn’t Own Your House (Neither Does the Government)
There’s a common trope among people who have collateralized debt that, until the debt is cleared, they never truly own their property. For example, the bank holds the mortgage, and if mortgage payments aren’t made, the bank can seize the house. The trope says that the “pay to stay” nature of the loan means the .. MORE
Property Rights
Would Hasan Piker Steal A Car?
In a controversial conversation platformed by the New York Times and recently discussed in The Atlantic, streamer Hasan Piker implied that he might steal a car if it carried no consequences. In the interview, author Jia Tolentino also casually admits to shoplifting lemons from Whole Foods. Although petty theft is common, the interview clip spread .. MORE
Adam Smith
Development by Consent
March 2026 marked the 250th anniversary of the publication of An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). However, Adam Smith was also the author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and it was through his continuous revisions of this earlier work that his more famous book emerged. One .. MORE
Labor Market
Algorithmic Management, Monitoring, and Control: Worker Classification in the Digital Age
Nowadays, it’s hard to read anything about workplace policy without running into “algorithmic management.” Companies, we’re told, are increasingly controlling workers through an array of digital “tricks.” These companies record our keystrokes, track our locations, and even watch us through our webcams. We hear this same story in academic journals, government reports, and the popular .. MORE