No, but it might have cost him Georgia’s electoral votes.
My friend and fellow economist Walter Block has an op/ed in the Wall Street Journal (November 8 and November 9 print edition) titled “Libertarians Spoil the Election.”
Here’s his argument:
Did the Libertarian Party throw the election to Joe Biden? Maybe. At this writing nominee Jo Jorgensen’s vote total exceeds Mr. Biden’s margin over President Trump in Arizona, Georgia, Nevada and Pennsylvania, enough to change the outcome.
First, he’s wrong about Pennsylvania and Nevada. Jorgenson’s vote doesn’t cover the spread.
He has a better case for Arizona and Georgia.
But even there, here’s the problem: Walter is assuming implicitly that the vast majority of votes that went to Jo Jorgenson would have gone to Trump. I think that’s wrong for two reasons.
First, I would bet that about 20 percent of the people who voted for Jorgenson would not have bothered voting had they not been offered that alternative. (What’s my evidence? I admit that it’s gut feel.)
Second, consider the remaining 80 percent. I would bet that at most 2/3 of this remaining 80 percent would have voted for Trump had Jorgenson not run. Why as much as 2/3? Because what I have observed is that young libertarianish people would have preferred Biden over Trump and older libertarianish people would have preferred Trump over Biden, and a much higher percent of older people than of younger people vote.
If I’m right, that means that we would have to take the difference between 2/3 of 80% and 1/3 of 80%, which is, of course 1/3 of 80% and apply that to the Jorgenson totals in each state.
Do that and Walter’s point might work for Arizona and Georgia but it’s not a slam dunk.
Arizona: Biden gets 1,645,277 votes, Trump gets 1,629,845 votes, and Jorgenson gets 50, 121 votes.
80% of the Jorgenson vote = 40,097 votes.
1/3 of that = 13,366 votes.
Biden minus Trump = 15,432.
So even there, not clear that Trump would have won Arizona.
Georgia: Biden gets 2,467,870 votes, Trump gets 2,456,275 votes, and Jorgenson gets 61,951 votes.
80% of the Jorgenson vote = 49,561 votes.
1/3 of that = 16,520 votes.
Biden minus Trump = 11,595 votes.
So there there’s a much better shot at Walter’s point.
In his op/ed, Walter makes a strong case for Trump over Biden, most of which I agree with. Walter is critical of Trump on protectionism, as he should be. But he does leave out a major issue, one on which Biden is head and shoulders above Trump: immigration.
READER COMMENTS
Thomas Hutcheson
Nov 9 2020 at 7:32pm
Libertarians should be shouting this from the housetops. Larger structural defects because of the “Tax Cuts for the Rich and Deficits Act,” trade and investment obstacles, Iran sanctions, and immigration. What’s not to hate about Trump?
FS
Nov 9 2020 at 9:21pm
How much weight should libertarians put on lower taxes and less regulation vs. free trade and immigration? My gut feeling is that the latter two are far more important than the former for two reasons: 1) there are large positive externalities from immigration and trade (not all accruing to US citizens though). 2) they are far less likely to be reversed in the next election cycle, particularly in the case of immigration.
Philip
Nov 12 2020 at 12:30pm
Trade tariffs are taxes. Deficit spending is deferred taxation. Trade wars and immigration restrictions are regulation. I really don’t understand this framing that Trump is somehow good on taxes and regulation.
Mark Z
Nov 9 2020 at 10:17pm
Reason ran an article pointing out that a majority of third party voters (including libertarian voters) say they wouldn’t vote at all absent their third party choice on surveys. In 2016, exit polls indicated their preferences were: “Twenty-five percent said Hillary Clinton, 15 percent favored Trump, and 55 percent said they wouldn’t have voted at all.” It’s just a survey of course, but if it’s remotely accurate it’s extremely unlikely that even in those two states they made a difference.
Of course maybe libertarians should play up this myth, present themselves as the median voter to whom the GOP would need to appeal in order to win the presidential election.
Steve
Nov 10 2020 at 12:10am
I was just talking about this today. Had there not been a Libertarian on the ballot I would have left the President box blank, but I still would have voted for local representatives.
robc
Nov 10 2020 at 8:32am
I left my Senate race blank, as there wasn’t an LP candidate on the ballot and I disliked both candidates. I voted in my House race despite the lack of an LP candidate (mostly because the incumbent spammed my mailbox with attack ads that made his opponent sound good).
Max More
Nov 10 2020 at 12:52pm
I live in AZ and voted for JJ. Had I not done so, I definitely would not have voted for Trump nor Biden. I would have voted on other positions and propositions. (AZ legalized marijuana!)
Zeke5123
Nov 10 2020 at 8:44am
I think there may be a stronger argument that democratic law fare in Michigan keeping Green Party off the ballot helped Biden win Michigan.
jj
Nov 10 2020 at 11:19am
Elections are a repeated game, as an economist of all people should understand. (I can’t read WSJ, so no comment on Block in particular.)
Republicans and Democrats should both work harder to earn more of the Libertarian vote. Or, depressingly, maybe they already are giving the appropriate attention…
Fred_in_PA
Nov 10 2020 at 11:30am
I’m surprised that the Libertarians don’t use the strategy that I find implicit in the article:
Namely, where we have something to gain (including merely publicizing the Party’s existence), go ahead and run a candidate. But in situations where we have little to gain — and perhaps especially may have something to lose (such as a good man or woman in one of the major parties) — sell our votes to the highest bidder. That is, approach the major party candidates with the inquiry, “What are you willing to pledge to do that would advance Libertarian principles?” And if one or the other offers us help, offer them help: the Libertarian Party will encourage our voters to back that candidate.
As the major parties keep demonstrating, politics is — at least in part — about power. And being a king-maker is one way to gain power.
Floccina
Nov 10 2020 at 12:14pm
No Trump cost the election for Jo Jorgensen.
T Boyle
Nov 10 2020 at 12:38pm
I live in a state where there’s no way the libertarian vote could swing the election. Therefore I vote libertarian: a vote for either major party is wasted (i.e., ignored) but there’s some chance a party strategist might look at the libertarian vote and wonder how to attract those in the swing states, so the more libertarian votes the better.
Swing votes are arguably more valuable than base votes: with a base vote, they either vote for the team or stay home; with a swing vote, not only may you lose their vote, but they may vote for the other team.
Thus, we libertarians should make our numbers visible.
BTW, as a libertarian I found myself repelled by Trump. Taxes, schmaxes: it’s spending that ultimately matters and his alleged pre-covid economic boom was a debt-fueled brush fire; he hasn’t done much to reduce regulation; he’s a mercantilist, for heaven’s sake; and the man talks and – to a more limited extent – acts like a populist autocrat, cheering on armed insurrections, showing a willingness to politicize the executive branch even more dramatically than past Presidents dared and, in the process, proving that Congress will not stand up to a popular President. In doing so, he has created a road map for future autocrats. Democracy, and the effectiveness of division of powers, have never felt so shaky.
Scott Sumner
Nov 10 2020 at 3:41pm
Reason magazine asked 20 or 30 of its staffers who they supported. I believe only one mentioned Trump, while a handful mentioned Biden. Most either decided not to vote, or voted Libertarian. I share your skepticism that the Libertarian vote would have gone heavily to Trump.
David Henderson
Nov 10 2020 at 5:30pm
Thanks, Scott. Interesting.
The reason I wouldn’t lean too heavily on this evidence is that the Reason staff are not close to a reasonable sample of LP voters. Virtually all of the staff are really into politics and public policy and are really well-informed. Also they tend to be substantially younger that the median LP voter. Also, I bet they are way more pro-immigration than the median LP voter. Combine that with the fact that most of them are in the D.C. area (95% Biden voters) or northern Virginia (I suspect about 75% Biden) and they would be somewhat influenced by their environment.
robc
Nov 11 2020 at 7:50am
Also, a significant number of Reason writers, after leaving Reason, turn out to be some sort of progressive or leftist, and not libertarian. I expect the same is true at any time for those that are still there.
David Seltzer
Nov 10 2020 at 4:00pm
Excellent analysis. I live in Georgia. Libertarians were on nearly all the ballots. Certainly, I would have left the ballot blank had there been no libertarian candidate. While libertarians may have cost Trump electoral votes here, It remains to be seen with The Senate race in the run off. Because there was a libertarian Senate candidate challenging Perdue those votes might have been enough to bring him under 50% by .04 percentage points.
If libertarians want a check on Biden’s agenda, I suspect they will vote, as I will, for both republican candidates. Perdue and Loeffler.
David Henderson
Nov 10 2020 at 5:26pm
Thanks.
Phil
Nov 10 2020 at 7:32pm
Since this is based on hunches, gut feel, and guesses, I am reminded of my middle school math teacher who taught me the concept of significant digits. I’m unpersuaded.
Comments are closed.