I recently came across an amusing story out of San Francisco, which nicely illustrates the fact that the 20th century is over. The San Francisco school board is considering painting over a set of murals depicting the life of Washington:
More than 100 people crammed shoulder to shoulder in a high school entryway, gazing up at the scenes of George Washington’s life. Here was the first president in Mount Vernon, flanked by the slaves he owned. There he was again, directing a battalion of soldiers westward. At the end of his outstretched finger, white frontiersmen with guns marched past the corpse of a Native American man, lying face down.
Seems like a simple case of left wing political correctness run amok, doesn’t it? But the real story is more complicated:
Arnautoff, a Russian immigrant and ardent Communist, painted the scenes to denounce America’s history of racism, many critics and historians say, and to hold viewers to remembering it. New York Times critic Roberta Smith recently called the murals “among the most honest and possibly the most subversive of the W.P.A. era.” With this work, which had to slip past an approval committee, the artist managed to “discreetly—even gently—insert slavery and the Indian genocide into his murals without sensationalizing them,” Smith wrote.
So the murals themselves were an act of political correctness. A communist artist was critiquing the sanitized version of history taught to our school children. In the 1930s, it would have been conservatives who would have opposed the murals. Now it is left wingers, for whom a 1930s-era communist is not left wing enough.
I suggest covering the mural with fabric, in case later generations come to their senses. But we still haven’t gotten to the most important story, what this episode tells us about the 21st century. First a brief digression. I started working at age 14, and did a wide variety of jobs. One of these was painting. I recall once painting an apartment building for one of my high school teachers. I charged him $150, too little even at the price level of the early 1970s. If San Francisco actually intends to paint over these murals, then why not use high schools students that have been placed on detention? Painting over murals is easy for even unskilled labor, easier than the stuff I did as a teenager (which involved careful work on window trim.) And it would save them some money.
San Francisco seems to be going a different route:
In July, the board voted unanimously to paint over the mural, a task that is estimated to cost $600,000. That figure accounts for the legal fees the board expects to accrue. (Lope Yap Jr., the vice president of the Washington High School Alumni Association, has already threatened to sue.)
Here’s a job that should cost less than $1000, and it will end up costing $600,000. And this is the real scandal, not the Taliban-style politics of defacing public art. It tells us that Americans of the 21st century have forgotten how to build things cheaply, which is why our infrastructure is falling ever further behind that of more dynamic nations.
You often see people recommending that the US build more infrastructure, as a sort of fiscal stimulus. But those recommendations presuppose that we still know how to do so. Congress and the states need to deregulate the construction of infrastructure, so that the costs can fall to an affordable level. When that’s been done, then we can discuss what sort of infrastructure makes sense. But in a world where it costs $600,000 to paint over a mural, there’s no sense in talking about the construction of subways and high-speed rail.
You might argue that much of the $600,000 figure is related to legal issues. But isn’t that equally true of almost any big infrastructure project? There are delays from environmental litigation, the legal requirements to build the project in a non-cost efficient manor (i.e. “prevailing wages”), the legal restrictions on using foreign labor, lawsuits forcing design alterations, etc. The legal system throws up all sorts of barriers. If we want to get serious about building infrastructure, we need to take the legal system out of the process.
Let me guess as to why my idea won’t work:
1. Today, it’s viewed as too “punitive” to make students on detention do work.
2. It’s too dangerous; they’d have to use ladders.
3. It deprives professional painters of a lucrative job.
I suppose my worldview will always be stuck in the 20th century.
READER COMMENTS
Mark Brady
Aug 19 2019 at 10:57pm
Why is it “an amusing story”? And why were the murals themselves an act of political correctness if the “artist was critiquing the sanitized version of history taught to our school children”?
Scott Sumner
Aug 19 2019 at 11:36pm
Mark, I find it amusing that a 20th century communist is not left wing enough for today’s progressives. Your mileage may vary. I find it amusing that it costs $600,000 to paint over a mural in a high school. But that’s just me.
As for political correctness, much of PCism consists of a critique of the previously accepted (more conservative) version of history.
Matthias Goergens
Aug 20 2019 at 6:32am
The mural was a careful way to express some subversive messages in a politically correct enough form to slip past the radar.
nobody.really
Aug 20 2019 at 12:06am
Depends on what you mean by your idea working. If you mean why hiring students to do the work would not reduce the job to $1000, you already answered that one: Much of the cost will be for legal fees–and the school district will presumably incur those fees regardless of who does the actual painting.
But, with respect to your other arguments–
1. Yes, the 13th Amendment bars slavery. Government-compelled labor looks a lot like slavery to me. Now, the 13th Amendment creates exceptions for people convicted of crimes. So if we want to subject detention students to criminal prosecutions, we might be able to proceed with this plan. I doubt this plan will save much money, however.
2. Yes, climbing ladders involves some danger, and danger involves liability. Let one kid get hurt, and we’ll see how much money the school saves via this scheme.
3. And yes, I would not be surprised to learn that California schools are unionized shops, and painting the walls is a matter under union contract.
Scott Sumner
Aug 20 2019 at 12:15am
Nobody, Slavery? Not sure if you’re joking. In any case, I guess I’ll never be comfortable in the 21st century.
Mark Z
Aug 20 2019 at 1:58am
So, all parents are guilty of slavery and in violation of the 13th amendment? (Perhaps using chores as punishment has fallen out of favor, and now one gets out in a room alone with a coloring book, but that still could be considered labor.)
nobody.really
Aug 20 2019 at 1:31pm
How do we distinguish between household child labor and slavery? Consider the wholesome family farm. According to Industrial Safety and Hygiene,
Agriculture is among the most hazardous industries, with death rates more than double those found in construction or mining, and more than 11 times the rate found in manufacturing.
“Youths of any age may work at any time in any job on a farm owned or operated by their parents,” according to the Wage and Hour Division of the Department of Labor, which regulates child labor.
As a result, the National Children’s Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety reports, more than 100 children and teenagers die on farms every year–25% involve machinery, 17% involve motor vehicles (includes ATVs), 16% involve drowning. (It is unclear whether these data include deaths from long-term exposure to chemicals and other bio-hazards.)
But no one really knows the full extent of the carnage because the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) no longer collects the data.
So here we have a situation where, as the NYT reports, farmers send five-year-olds out to do agricultural work without pay, other than food and housing, where the child is subject to beatings and incarceration, and where, if the child flees and is caught, will almost certainly be returned to the farmer’s custody.
No, we don’t see the children sold, and yes, the kids (who survive) will eventually reach the age of majority when they can—if they have sufficient resources–leave their circumstances. But in other respects, this has the indicia of slavery.
Yet we cast a benign eye on this arrangement because a) it’s traditional, and b) we assume that the farmer acts benevolently toward the child when he’s not beating him (or even when he is?). Yet surely many slave owners would have made the same claim about their charges.
I have no policy to recommend here. I just encourage people to reflect on the distinctions—or lack thereof.
Scott Sumner
Aug 20 2019 at 8:12pm
I was merely talking about students on detention doing some painting.
john hare
Aug 21 2019 at 4:36am
Children that grow up working become self sufficient adults. Unlike the “protected” until adulthood ones that are learning (hopefully, not always) at 25 what they should have learned at 10. 100 teens a year nationwide is carnage???
MarkW
Aug 20 2019 at 11:43am
2. Yes, climbing ladders involves some danger, and danger involves liability. Let one kid get hurt, and we’ll see how much money the school saves via this scheme.
But that’s exactly the point. Sure, climbing on ladders to paint walls involves some small degree of risk (though certainly less than the risk inherent in school sports or even the gym classes that are required in most places). But the problem is that in the U.S. (and probably only in the U.S.), trial lawyers would have a field day with a kid who fell off a ladder at school.
I’m reminded of a story Daniel Klein included in his piece about (classical) liberalism and Sweden:
nobody.really
Aug 20 2019 at 12:42pm
1: I’d guess you could try that in any US jurisdiction that has a Good Samaritan law. We’re describing a situation where someone needs medical assistance, there are insufficient professionals around to provide the assistance, and all participants are adults who have given consent, yes?
2: In contrast, Sumner describes a situation in which government agents a) compel minors to attend school, b) then accused the minors, without due process, of failing to conform to some school rule, and as a consequence c) compel these minors, without any circumstance suggesting urgency, to climb ladders and perform manual labor.
You seriously cannot see the distinction?
MarkW
Aug 20 2019 at 3:43pm
I’d guess you could try that in any US jurisdiction that has a Good Samaritan law.
And I’d guess not. The liability wouldn’t rest on the amateur offering assistance, it would rest on the MD who performed the procedure with only untrained assistance (in a formal, professional setting for pay — not informally and for free as a good Samaritan) .
In contrast, Sumner describes a situation in which government agents a) compel minors…
Teachers making misbehaving students do manual labor (e.g. washing chalkboards) has a long history in the U.S. But compulsion really isn’t the issue. Would the school be on any better grounds with respect to liability if they gave students the opportunity to come in and paint over the murals on some sort of volunteer day?
nobody.really
Aug 20 2019 at 5:32pm
Hm. You could be right about the Good Samaritan law; I expect it differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
But what theory of liability? That the physician, knowing that he lacked adequate licensed assistance, should have exercised professional judgment and refused to provide any medical care at all? That the hospital has a duty to maintain sufficient licenced staff on hand to meet the needs of anyone who walks through the door?
A fair point! I haven’t heard that policy extended to painting walls. Maybe scrubbing walls, though….
I’d expect so–because if the students were volunteering, you could get them and their parents to sign waivers. That’s what happened when my school went on a ropes course exercise.
JayT
Aug 20 2019 at 1:03pm
I’ve actually had this very thing happen to me at an American hospital. I crashed my mountain bike on a Friday afternoon, and when the plastic surgeon was stitching me up there weren’t any nurses available to help him, so my brother acted as his assistant. This was about 15 years ago though, so it’s possible this is no longer a possibility.
Benjamin Cole
Aug 20 2019 at 3:12am
Verily, I read about SF officially vandalizing art, like the Taliban destroying the Buddhist statues at Bamiyan.
I throw in the towel. You can have America.
Sadly, I think every D-Party presidential candidate would either dodge the SF-paint-over issue, or endorse it.
Trump does not look so bad sometimes. Which is saying something.
Thaomas
Aug 20 2019 at 5:41am
I’d think that what SF does with a mural is none of a Presidential candidate or even the California governor’s business.
Benjamin Cole
Aug 20 2019 at 6:21am
Thaomas:
Well, maybe.
If freedom of speech rights are violated, then it is everybody’s business.
Personally, I would like to know where a candidate stands on this issue, so that I can gauge what they would try to implement as President—-would they endorse PC censorship?
On a more humorous note, AG Edwin Messe, he of the Reagan Administration, covered up the nude breasts of the Statue of Justice. Not only symbolic—Meese went after “pornographers.”
“Attorney General Edwin Meese 3d vowed today to begin an ”all-out campaign against the distribution of obscene material” and announced the creation of a special team of prosecutors to handle pornography cases.”
So what a candidate believes about a local event might be very telling.
https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/23/us/meese-in-a-move-on-pronography-creates-special-prosecution-team.html
Meese is yet another forgotten saga of the Reagan Administration…..
nobody.really
Aug 20 2019 at 11:22am
Fair enough–but they aren’t. We’re talking about murals on a building. So the SPEECH in question is the speech of whoever owns the building. In this case, the owner is the local school board–so THEY get to decide what speech they wish to be associated with.
You can disapprove of the school board’s decision for other reasons, but I don’t see a free speech issue here.
robc
Aug 20 2019 at 2:20pm
If it is a public school, then the owners aren’t the local school board, but the taxpayers in the area. Which makes it a free speech issue.
Mark Brady
Aug 20 2019 at 1:50pm
Ah, Ed Meese, who wore an Adam Smith tie as he directed government agents to seize the marijuana crop.
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-08-09-8502210884-story.html
Thaomas
Aug 20 2019 at 5:49am
The US does not need to invest in infrastructure as a “kind of fiscal stimulus.” It needs to invest in infrastructure (projects with present costs and future benefits) in order to raise real incomes. It is paradoxically true (paradoxically for those who think recessions are a time for “austerity,” government “tightening its belt) that more projects will pass a NPV test in a recession when, generally, real interest rates are lower than at other times and the market prices of some project inputs are below their marginal cost (there are unemployed resources).
Matthias Goergens
Aug 20 2019 at 6:31am
Should probably be ‘manner’?
nobody.really
Aug 20 2019 at 2:23pm
Who are you–Shakespeare?
In Hamlet (1602), Shakespeare wrote–
In other words, Hamlet is saying that he understands the local customers and manners because he was born and raised in that locality.
But since then, people have been citing the phrase “to the manor born” to describe people with an affluent upbringing. In short, swapping manner for manor is a time-honored tradition–marry, is’t custom, even.
BC
Aug 20 2019 at 7:00am
Is it primarily American government that has forgotten how to build infrastructure or the private sector too? We seem to have built lots of pipeline and refining infrastructure during the fracking boom, although some pipeline projects have obviously encountered the same environmental delays as government projects.
Also, how regional are the problems of prohibitively expensive infrastructure? We have all read the stories about how it’s too expensive to build rail and subways in California and New York. Is it similarly too expensive now to build expressways in Texas?
Mark
Aug 20 2019 at 8:50am
Regarding covering the mural, I think it is a reflection not of 21st century culture, but of the deep human desire not to see injustice. In my view, most people don’t care if injustice exists, as long as they don’t see it. This desire is a large part of people’s motivation for fighting injustice, but it also means that people will simply prefer to cover it up where that’s more convenient. And this isn’t limited to progressives–the desire not to see injustice is the best way to understand conservative arguments about making illegal immigration harder to deter migrants from the perilous journey. Migrants are not made better off by removing an option they had and were choosing before based on their rational self-interest, but it does mean we don’t see dead ones on TV.
Regarding the costs, it would be interesting to see a breakdown of the $600,000 figure, but I doubt legal fees are even 10% of it. That would buy you 120 hours of work at $500 an hour, which seems more than enough to prepare for an argument about a mural. Legal requirements like the ones you list do increase the costs of projects, but lawyers themselves are not as expensive as people think. I recently had an small infrastructure upgrade project in my condo building that involved a lawsuit, and the building’s legal expenses for the lawsuit came out to $50,000, for a $6 million+ project. The architect fees and the increase in material costs due to tariffs were all several times greater than the legal fees. People should stop using legal fees as an excuse for high-costs and look to tackle the bigger line items to get project costs down.
Brandon Berg
Aug 20 2019 at 10:38am
Regarding reasons it wouldn’t work, consider also the field day activists and the media would have with the symbolism of (likely disproportionately black) students being forced to paint over a mural depicting slavery, without pay.
Tom Jackson
Aug 20 2019 at 4:04pm
Scott’s account is apparently a bit dated. The latest is that the school board voted 4-3 to cover up the murals, but not destroy them. The art destruction faction is bitter and doesn’t think that goes far enough.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/14/arts/san-francisco-murals-george-washington.html?searchResultPosition=1
Scott Sumner
Aug 20 2019 at 8:18pm
Thanks Tom. Glad to see they took my advice.
Mark Bahner
Aug 20 2019 at 11:40pm
I painted schools (e.g., doors, trim around windows) during several summers in high school. From my Social Security records, it looks like my earnings were under $1000 each year. (Makes sense…I think I made $4.50 an hour.) (And I was very happy to earn that much.) I think there were 4-5 of us to do more than one school. So in the mid-to-late 1970s, I think it cost under $6000 in labor to paint a whole school. MAGA! 🙂
jamie
Aug 20 2019 at 11:51pm
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